PADI4 and cardiovascular disorder: Given that P. gingivalis can citrullinate H3 via its PPAD enzyme and A. actinomycetemcomitans can hyperactivate PAD4 through LtxA, we hypothesize that these pathobionts may interact in the context of cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms similar to those described above; however, further research in this area is necessary to elucidate these potential interactions.