HAMP and ulcerative colitis: In a study conducted by Ustamanolakis et al. involving 100 patients with inflammatory bowel disease [49 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 51 with Crohn’s disease (CD)] and 102 healthy controls, hepcidin levels were found to be significantly higher in both UC and CD patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001) [36].