TNF and myelodysplastic syndrome: A recent multicenter retrospective study reported that, as compared to 70 matched patients with iBD alone, 35 iBD patients complicated with MDS required more surgical treatment (51.4% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.010), showed poorer responses to both medical (including anti-TNF- α agents) and surgical treatments (75.0% vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001), and had a higher mortality rate (28.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) [18].