TNF and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: Aberrant cytokine signaling, particularly elevated levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), further perpetuates immune activation and platelet destruction in ITP [15,27,52,53].