An upregulation of mucosal macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-17A/F (IL-17A/F) was observed preoperatively in mice receiving FMT (fecal microbiota transplantation) from AL patients. Here, CCL2 is linked to axial length measurement.