In this context, our research on the differences in the serum concentrations of the biomarkers of morphological and functional status of the nerve tissue, neurofilament polypeptide (NEF—neurofilament polypeptide), neuron-specific enolase (NSE—neuron-specific enolase) and protein S100B in patients with cervical and/or lumbar pain who simultaneously have insomnia compared to patients without clinically significant insomnia during a two-week period of active treatment under the conditions of routine clinical practice makes a significant contribution. Here, S100B is linked to insomnia.