AVP and type 2 diabetes mellitus: There are various cardiac biomarkers related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of HF in T2DM: biomarkers of myocardial stretch (natriuretic peptides, inflammation and fibrosis (galectin-3, fibroblast growth factors, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, suppression of tumorigenicity 2, transforming growth factor β, cardiotrophin 1), the neuroendocrine process (copeptin), extracellular matrix remodeling and microRNAs [23,24].