Zeng et al. found increased expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in mice with cerulein-induced AP [27], while Demirtas et al. observed significantly elevated levels of both TLR9 and NF-κB in blood samples of patients admitted with AP, suggesting its contribution to tissue damage in AP [28]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is alkaline phosphatase measurement.