Butyrate, a short chain fatty acid with anti-inflammatory effects, was examined by Pan et al., who showcased that prophylactic butyrate administration reduced NLRP3 activation by limiting phosphorylation of transcription factors, including NF-Κβ, activator protein 1 (AP1), signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT3 in mice with cerulein-induced AP, after binding to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and GPR109A receptor in the pancreas and colon, respectively [122]. Here, STAT1 is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.