For example, polyphenolic compounds extracted from the brown alga Ecklonia cava can reduce fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and this effect is associated with reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis due to decreased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and inhibition of hepatocytes, and its mechanism of action is related to the overexpression of glucose-regulated genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in T2DM [47]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.