CASP1 and leishmaniasis: Given the dual role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in leishmaniasis, where it may be protective or pathogenic depending on the infecting Leishmania species, and the levels of pro-IL-1β processed into active IL-1β by CASP-1, we investigated whether genetic variants of CASP1 influenced the plasma levels of IL-1 β in patients with CL caused by L. guyanensis and healthy individuals with no history of leishmaniasis from the same endemic region.