NOX4 and retinal ischemia: Taking into account this pathological process, Liao et al. investigated the efficacy of setanaxib (a potent and highly selective inhibitor of NOX1 and NOX4) in ameliorating retinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury and found that it effectively inhibited NOX1 and NOX4, thereby regulating ROS production and preventing the activation of apoptosis and senescence-related factors in RGCs, ultimately protecting them against retinal I/R injury.