α-Syn pathology is sometimes interpreted along with TDP-43 pathology in ALS cases [177,278], and the co-existence of α-Syn and TDP-43 pathologies has been revealed from the clinical documentation of patients in post-mortem research [175,279], suggesting that α-Syn aggregates may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ALS. Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.