HMGB1 and myeloid sarcoma: Recent studies reported that astrocytes in EAE expressed high levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a non-histone DNA-binding nuclear protein involved in MS, and that the knockout of HMGB1 in astrocytes in EAE mice enhanced claudin-5 expression and decreased ICAM1 and VCAM1 expression [40] (Table 1, Figure 1).