HMOX1 and Alzheimer disease: Consequently, the modulation of the NRF2 signaling pathway has considerable potential to prevent or delay the onset and progression of AD by regulating various pathways, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phase II antioxidant enzymes, the antioxidant response element (ARE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), as evidenced in both animal and cellular models [42].