Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which is composed of a diverse array anti-tumor immune cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells), helper T lymphocytes (CD4+ T cells), and immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) [26], contributes to tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapy [27]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.