The JAK/STAT3 pathway works closely with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to induce inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, characterized by increased levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), all of which are hallmarks of preeclampsia [87]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.