Recent preclinical studies have shown that low doses (10 mg/kg) of HD exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating Nrf2 signaling and redox resilience genes such as HO-1 as well as by downregulating the neuroinflammation mediated by NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory cytokine cascade such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in order to prevent or slow the neurodegenerative process that is typical of AD and PD (Table 4) [95,96,97]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.