ESR1 and osteoporosis: According to the guidelines of the American College of Physicians and with the latest recommendations and FDA approval on the pharmacological treatment of primary osteoporosis or low bone mass to prevent further fractures [16,133], pharmacological treatments can be grouped into six categories, including bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogs, RANK-ligand inhibitors, sclerostin inhibitors, estrogen-related therapy (estrogen supplement and selective estrogen receptor modulators), and calcitonin salmon.