MAP1LC3A and polycystic ovary syndrome: However, it has been reported that treatment with metformin (a biguanide antidiabetic drug) or sorafenib (a kinase inhibitor drug) upregulates the expression of LC3 and downregulates the protein level of p62/SQSTM1, thus decreasing the risk of EH in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) through the activation of the mTOR complex [49].