Furthermore, a recent clinical trial and meta-analysis of VA NEPHRON-D indicated urinary KIM-1 as an effective biomarker of AKI-associated hemodynamic changes in patients who received combined hypotensive therapy consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) lisinopril and angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) losartan during 12-month follow-up. Here, ACE is linked to acute kidney injury.