LCN2 and heart failure: For instance, serum and urinary NGAL levels substantially increased and were positively correlated with sCr and AKI development in critically ill patients with diagnosed sepsis, heart failure, decompensated cirrhosis, and ketoacidosis, as well as those who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention as a management of myocardial infarction [29,30,31,32,35,76].