LEP and rheumatoid arthritis: The results of clinical trials involving two cohorts of participants, 15,551 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 7397 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, revealed that the association between the increased risk of RA and caffeinated coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day) is related to the impact of coffee on the levels of inflammatory markers, including c-peptide, estrone, total estradiol, free estradiol, leptin, CRP, IL-6, sTNF-2, and total adiponectin [225].