For example, exosomes isolated from the plasma of women with GDM have been demonstrated to significantly increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ and TNF-α) from endothelial cells [103], which may serve to exacerbate the course of GDM. Here, CXCL8 is linked to gestational diabetes.