RAC2 and renal carcinoma: As shown in Figure 8C,D, the NEDD4L expression vector-transfected cells formed fewer colonies and suppressed the cell migration of Caki-1 cells compared to the NC-transfected cells; however, exogenous RAC2 overexpression could effectively rescue the colony formation and cell migration, indicating that NEDD4L may inhibit the tumorigenicity of renal cancer cells through the suppression of RAC2 expression.