INS and depressive symptom measurement: In contrast, in the literature, age, female gender, smoking, drinking alcohol, unemployment, the presence of social stressors, the duration of DM, T2DM, the presence of comorbidities and complications, depression, quality of life, poor glycemic control, obesity, and insulin usage were potential independent factors causing poor sleep quality in patients with DM in various studies [17,21,25,28,29,30,34].