Furthermore, miR663 decreases PDGF-BB-induced PASMC proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis and prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in monocrotaline-PAH by targeting the TGF-β1/Smad 2/3 signaling pathway (Figure 3e) [111,112]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.