CASP9 and malignant colon neoplasm: Watanapokasin and colleagues conducted an in vitro study on human colon cancer cell lines (COLO 205, MIP-101, and SW620), revealing that α-mangostin (30 μg/mL) treatment induced concentration- and time-dependent decreases in cell viability, accompanied by apoptotic morphological changes including cell rounding, blebbing, and apoptotic body formation indicative of apoptosis observed after 3, 6, 9, and 12 h of treatment and activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 [33].