F5 and thrombophilia: In MINOCA patients, diagnostic testing including factor V Leiden levels, prothrombin 20210A and factor VIII, as well as activities of protein C and S, antithrombin, lupus anticoagulant, and a comprehensive analysis for antiphospholipid antibodies, etc., should ideally be carried out when no other obvious reason for MINOCA is detected and thrombophilia is highly suspected (e.g., younger age, family history, without obvious cardiovascular risk factors, etc.)after the resolution of the acute phase to ensure diagnostic tests accuracy [30].