CD274 and neoplasm: If the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes are resectable, guidelines recommend neoadjuvant systemic therapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by resection; post-surgical treatment includes immunotherapy or targeted molecular therapy if appropriate (e.g., anti-PD-L1 for PD-L1 positive tumors, Osimertinib for EGFR exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation) [200,214].