Notably, these markers have previously been linked to different cell types, including endothelial cells (CD44, ENG, F3, MCAM, and ITGB1), immune cells (CD14, CD44, CSPG4, ENG, HLA-DR/DP/DQ), and neuronal cells (NCAM1), as well as astrocytes and tumor cells. This evidence concerns the gene NCAM1 and neoplasm.