Knock-down of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) results in a reduction in EGFR phosphorylation and MAPK activation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2R cells in the absence of EGF, suggesting that ALCAM also maintains the ligand-independent activity of EGFR [90]. The gene discussed is ALCAM; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.