INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Another study demonstrated in mice that administering lithium in insulin-deficient hyperglycemia has effects on glucagon by reducing alpha cell mass without affecting insulin-secreting beta cell mass [106], while a further study found that eicosapentaenoic acid, a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, promotes trans-differentiation of alpha cells to beta cells and serves as a point of potential T1D intervention [107].