Patients with diabetic retinopathy show elevated levels of several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), highlighting the role of inflammation in the early stages of DR and the progression of the inflammatory response in all retinal cell types [57]. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is diabetic retinopathy.