TGFB1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In order to further enhance the replicability of MASLD pathology ex vivo, PCLSs were also cultured for 48 h with modulators of inflammation (LPS) and fibrosis (TGFβ1), which have been linked to MASLD in patients, and elafibranor, a PPARα/δ agonist and potential treatment for MASLD [50].