Since blood pressure and cardiorespiratory responses, as well as heart hypertrophy and adiposity, were not altered at 28 weeks, the early upregulation of PGC-1α and Nrf-2 by Ad-feed intake reflects an adaptive response for physiological remodeling independent of energy status and 25-OH-D3 effects. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cardiac hypertrophy.