NPPB and heart failure: Consistent with relieved cardiorespiratory responses, 25-OH-D3 supplementation significantly ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and inflammation (p < 0.05, Figure S4A,B), and attenuated heart failure marker BNP and MHC-β upregulations at 33 and 45 weeks in Ad-hens, and even downregulated MHC-β expressions at 33 weeks in R-hens (p < 0.05, Figure 2A,B).