In human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells under the in vitro ischemic condition of OGD and OGD with reoxygenation (OGD/R), HIF-1α was highly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels, which were downregulated by melatonin; consistently, the heightened BACE1 mRNA and proteins under such ischemic condition were suppressed by melatonin [237]. Here, BACE1 is linked to neuroblastoma.