GFAP and ischemia: We counted GFAP+cells; the control and sham groups showed few GFAP+reactive cells, whereas, in the ischemia group, the number was 25 cells by field on average; in just the ischemia+NanoPSO or preNanoPSO+ischemia groups, the number of GFAP+reactive cells decreased by 75% (p < 0.0001) (Figure 8D).