TNF and ischemic stroke: Both the increased release of arachidonic acid and the intracellular calcium overload are associated with the reduced activity of WNT signaling pathway during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury [52] Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was reported in ischemic stroke patients and corresponding mouse models, which is considered to contribute to the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6,and IL-8, and aggravates the inflammatory response [53].