Direct oxidation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) by elevated ROS can also activate hypertrophic signaling [295], which is linked to the nuclear export and de-suppression of transcription factors involved in cardiac hypertrophy, such as the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and calcineurin-NFAT [295,296]. Here, HDAC4 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.