The adjusted hazard ratios for nonfatal MI and stroke, all-cause mortality, and the sum of in the lowest vs. highest PON1 activity quartiles were 4.4, 2.4, and 3.4, respectively, for paraoxonase and 4.5, 2.2, and 2.9 for arylesterase, respectively, they were independent in multivariate analysis in models (separate for paraoxonase and arylesterase) adjusted for all traditional cardiac risk factors and medications). The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is Stroke.