Some of the particular mechanisms of action by which these effects are exerted, including modulation of oxidative stress (OS) [3,4], inflammation [5], intestinal dysbiosis [6], insulin resistance [7], adipokines like adiponectin [8] and leptin [9], weight gain in vivo [10], and in humans [11], all of them metabolic derangements that are associated with obesity. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.