In the present large-scale population-based follow-up study, several biomarkers reflecting hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance, including fasting, 30 min, and 120 min plasma insulin and proinsulin, Matsuda index, and serum C-peptide, were associated with incident AS, which is to the best of our knowledge a novel finding. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is aortic stenosis.