To do this, we compared distributions of unmodified pPSs (not corrected for principal component (PC)-defined ancestry), observing higher unmodified pPSs in Bangladeshi individuals, notably for Beta Cell 2 (associated with lower HOMA-B with high proinsulin levels), Obesity (higher BMI) and Lipodystrophy 1(lower gluteofemoral fat and lower adiponectin levels) (Extended Data Fig. 1) (P value between Bangladeshis and Pakistanis <0.001 for all three pPSs). Here, ADIPOQ is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.