It is also worth highlighting that Bregs have been shown to only transiently express IL-10 following antigen stimulation and then differentiate into antibody-secreting cells96, which might, at least partially, explain a rapid contraction of Bregs following the intensive repeated re-exposure with venom allergens during the first 8 h period of ultra-rush AIT in VAP. Here, IL10 is linked to ventilator-associated pneumonia.