PTK2 and neoplasm: During the processes of proliferation, angiogenesis, and establishment of the TME, tumours require strategies to mitigate the immune system from triggering apoptosis, and this is where the Bcl‐2, focal adhesion kinase‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (FAK‐ERK1/2), NF‐kB, and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) pathways work to maintain tumour cell viability [34, 41, 50, 56].