These include elevated G-CSF secretion in lung tissue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [78] or in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis [79], vasculitis [80], cystic fibrosis [81], and inflammatory bowel disease [82], where inhibition of G-CSFR was effective in reducing neutrophilic inflammation in animal models [83]. Here, CSF3 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.