Our study also conducted a comprehensive Cox regression analysis to explore the prognostic significance of various HMG family genes in HCC, assessing their impact on OS, DSS, and PFI.We found that HMGA1, HMGA2, HMGB2, HMGN1, HMGN2, and HMGN4 emerged as significant genes across multiple prognostic indicators (OS, DSS, PFI), suggesting their potential importance in the prognosis of HCC (S1–S3 Tables). This evidence concerns the gene HMGN4 and hepatocellular carcinoma.