However, in another RCT using a prebiotic (12 g/day of fructo-oligosaccharide for three months) in non-diabetic CKD patients (n = 46), no changes in Hb levels (baseline Hb 12.7 g/dl) or IS were seen, despite reductions in IL-6 levels [147]. Here, GSTM1 is linked to chronic kidney disease.