TNF and infection: G-CSF is a cytokine that is secreted in response to LPS and TNF-α, and it is crucial for regulating neutrophil proliferation, differentiation, and survival, leading to a rapid increase in the number of circulating G-CSF-producing cells [49], suggesting that L-Alliin may act as an enhancer of the acute immune response in healthy individuals and show prophylactic effects against infections.