PTGS2 and Sepsis: In animal models of sepsis, 60F and 100F treatment exhibited higher survival rates and a lower expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers compared to those treated with C. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase were reduced by 60F or 100F treatments via ERK/p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling.