In addition, Türkoğlu et al showed in their study that TGF-β-induced CAIII expression in HT-29 cells, a colon cancer cell line, was suppressed via MEK-1 and PI3K pathways, and the same effect was also shown in transfection studies performed on deletion promotor constructs where TGF-β cytokine suppressed CAIII regulation. This evidence concerns the gene CA3 and colonic neoplasm.